Impact of different inclusion levels of oil palm elaeis. Phenol and urea formaldehyde resins were used as the binders. Pdf oil palm frond, a feed for herbivores researchgate. Estimation of moisture content of oil palm fronds through correlation with density for the process of gasification, biores. Utilization of oil palm fronds for bio oil and biochar production using hydrothermal liquefaction technology. Because they lack a cambium, roots of adjacent palms cannot graft, as they can in dicot trees. Decomposition of oil palm frond and leaflet residues. Considering the large and consistent supply, oil palm fronds could be a promising source of biomass energy through gasification. Oil palm crop is one of the highest oil palm oil yielding crops among the all perennial crops.
Aqueous ammonia pretreatment, saccharification, and. The samples were cut, ground and sieved to achieve fine fibres with a size of oil palm yield is possible. Oil palm fronds opf and trunks contribute the highest biomass availability compared with other oil palm. Oilpalm fronds as a roughage feed source for ruminants in. Raya jambimuara burlian km 15 mendalo jambi 36361 indonesia. In immature palms, fronds make up a larger proportion of overall biomass. Oil palm, palm oil, palm residues, empty fruit bunches, efb, palm fronds, indonesia, nutrient. Since the oil palm fronds opf are one of the largest biomass waste contributors in malaysia, it was therefore used as raw. Global demand and supply of oil palm have drastically increased in recent decades due to the rise of various products among its chain of multiple uses 1. Traditional applications food uses palm oil and palm kernel oil is used wholly. Oil palm dry fronds in oil palm pennsylvania state university.
The present study investigates the thermal degradation behaviour and determination of the kinetic parameters such as the activation energy ea and. Physicochemical characteristics of oil palm frond opf. This paper investigates the characteristics of raw oil palm fronds and its ash to evaluate its potential utilization as a. Oil palm diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. The effects of different inclusion levels of oil palm fronds opf on the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi ld, biceps femoris bf and infraspinatus is muscle of goats fed for 100 days are described. Study on tar generated from downdraft gasification of oil. The soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment was applied, and the fermentability of pretreated fronds was evaluated using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. It has been cultivated in malaysia mainly for palm oil and related products. Longwee lai a,c and ani idris a,b, in this study, lignocellulosic biomass from oil palm trunk opt and oil palm frond opf of oil palm tree, elaeis guineensis, were treated using the microwavealkali mwa method, and their chemical constituents, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, were.
Cellular structure of stems and fronds of 14 and 25 yearold. Feasibility study of gasification of oil palm fronds core. The objectives of the present work are to study the influence of the age of oil palms on productive sugar yield from oil palm frond extracts and to highlight the potential opf liquid extract and fibers as feedstock for biobutanol production. Both nations are expanding their palm oil production capacity and the market continues to grow. Modification of oil palm fronds lignin by incorporation of. Palm oil is the most versatile of 17 major oils traded in the global edible oils and fats market. There are several byproducts of oil palm and these include oil palm trunk opt, oil palm fronds opf, empty. There are several byproducts of oil palm and these include oil palm trunk opt, oil palm fronds.
Palm morphology and anatomy 4 palm fruits are botanically classified as drupes and have one or more stony seeds covered with a fleshy, mealy, or fibrous mesocarp and a thin superficial epicarp. Oil palm frond juice as future fermentation substrate. Left alone, oil palm has been known to live for periods up to 200 years. Yanding tomda and laurence d c chase abstract increasing attention is being focused on the greenhouse gas ghg balance of crop production given the need. Effect of frond pruning on the growth and yield of oil palm 2010 marcelino, j. Oil palm fronds opf are agricultural by product and economical natural fibers. Thus, opf is a solid agrowaste which is corresponding authors email.
Since the oil palm fronds opf are one of the largest biomass waste contributors in malaysia, it. This large plantation subsequently gives rise to a huge amount of biomass waste generated such as the oil palm trunks, fronds, empty fruit bunches and leaves left. The oil palm industry is a major provider of employment in malaysia. This project was carried out to ascertain whether the local palm oil met the required standard. Palm oil industry produces palm oil and byproducts, namely oil palm waste both from the milling process and plantation. Pdf utilization of oil palm fronds for biooil and bio.
Agrochemicals, estate, fresh fruit bunch, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, oil palm, palm kernels, palm oil, pests. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. The aim of this study was to develop an economical bioprocess to produce the renewable sugars as fermentation feedstock at laboratory scales using oil palm frond juice opf. Putra malaysia report prepared for the international council on clean transportation date.
Oil palm fronds are a byproduct of the cultivation of oil palm trees elaeis guineensis jacq. In the year 2008, malaysia has generated approximately 51 million tons of opf, accounting for 53% of the total palm biomass goh et al. The production of ethyl levulinate from glucose and oil palm fronds opf were investigated. Physical pretreatment of the oil palm frond opf is known to loosen the lignocellulose while the biological pretreatment is capable in degrading the lignin, making the substrates more. The total dry weights of fronds obtained from annual pruning and during normal routine harvesting from the mature areas in malaysia are shown in table 21i. Disruption of oil palm biomass, bioresources 82, 27922804. Among the generated oil palm biomass, opf is by far the highest in quantity, accounting for more than 50% of the total biomass generated in the oil palm industries. Herein, an acidbase mixture was applied as a catalyst to efficiently pretreat oil palm fronds. Torrefaction of oil palm fronds for cofiring in coal power plants.
Oil palm tree produces edible palmoil as well as palm kerneloil. Pdf feasibility study of gasification of oil palm fronds. Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in indonesia christopher teh boon sung dept. This tree is native to the area of west africa near the gulf of guinea, which is where its scientific name comes from. The objectives of the present work are to study the influence of the age of oil palms on. Abdul halim bioprocess technology division, school of industrial technology, universiti sains malaysia, 11800 usm penang, malaysia abstract the rise in global oil demand along with current. In this study, a tar sampling train custom built based on standard tar sampling protocols was used to quantify the gravimetric concentration of tar gnm 3 in syngas produced from. Leaves the area of the palm where leaves are located is referred to as the crown or canopy. Elemental and thermochemical analysis of oil palm fronds for. The opf was reported to be the largest biomass which is 47% out of the total oil palm waste. The optimization of the effects of parameters was conducted by response surface methodology rsm, and the data obtained was performed the regression analysis.
Abstract in the gasification process, one prominent factor that affects the quality of the resulting syngas is the moisture content of the biomass feedstock. Optimization studies on cellulase and xylanase production by. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Pdf batch study for pesticide glyphosate adsorption onto. Torrefaction of oil palm fronds opf as a potential feedstock for. Pdf the effect of physical and biological pretreatments. Efficacy of pretreating oil palm fronds with an acidbase. It gives the highest oil yield per hectar e of all the economic oil crops corley and tinker, 2003. Effect of frond pruning on the growth and yield of oil palm. Frond pruning in oil palm trees significantly affect fruit bunch production specifically on the number and weight of harvested bunches, however, no significant effect was observed on its agronomic characteristics. Oil palm frond for the adsorption of janus green dye sciencedirect. Muthalib1 1faculty of animal science, jambi university, kampus pinang masak, jl.
Malaysia is the one of the country that exports the palm oil in the world besides indonesia and ghana. Jun 29, 2012 oil palm frond is the most abundant yet untapped biomass waste in malaysia. An assessment of oil palm plantation aboveground biomass stocks. Production of cellulose fiber from oil palm frond using steam. Characterization of different parts of oil palm fronds elaeis. One of the most challenging issues concerning the gasification of oil palm fronds opf is the presence of tar and particulates formed during the process considering its high volatile matter content.
Oil palm frond opf juice is a potential industrial fermentation substrate as it has high sugars content and the opf are readily available daily. Oil palm frond as a sustainable and promising biomass. Therefore, oil palm biomass is seen as good source due to its abundance and it is cheaper. Oil palm fronds and oil palm crop residues feedipedia. Pdf pulp from oil palm fronds by chemical processes. There is very scarce information on the characteristics of oil palm fronds, which is vital in deciding if such biomass is technically suitable for gasification. Pdf utilization of oil palm fronds for biooil and biochar.
The analytical test carried out include the free fatty acid test the acid value, iodine value moisture, content, saponfication value, peroxide value, specific gravity, colour and viscosity. In the present work, the feasibility of oil palm fronds for biomass gasification is studied. Moreover, b toxicity symptoms of oil palm are exhibited first in the tips and margins of leaflets of older leaves suggesting that it is a nonpolyol producing plant brown et al. Disruption of oil palm trunks and fronds by microwavealkali pretreatment. Recycling is needed to produced something that can be used and avoid the pollution of environment. Pdf utilization of oil palm fronds as a sustainable carbon source in. Palm oil is produced from the fruit pulp of the oil palm tree elaeis guineensis. Taking into calculation that the pruning is being carried out for the palm that are over 7 years old mature palm and with 5% replanting rate, the estimated availability of the oil palm fronds for 2010 was calculated to be about 43. The generated oil palm biomass includes empty fruit brunch efb, palm kernel shell, oil palm trunk opt, oil palm frond opf, palm oil mill effluent pome, and mesocarp fiber. Suratthani oil palm research center, department of agriculture. This study was designed to reveal the role of the cementwood ratio in a hydration test of woodcement mixtures. To prove the findings on the hydration behavior of components, the cement.
Growth and production of oil palm willy verheye, national science foundation flanders and geography department, university of gent, belgium keywords. Oil palm fronds are abundant but recalcitrant to chemical pretreatment. The raw materials were washed with deionised water to remove the impurities like sand or other small particle and then were dried in oven at 40 c for 24 hours. Palm roots do not have root hairs like dicot roots. Review of oil palm fibers, bioresources 61, 901917. Enhancing the energy properties of fuel pellets from oil palm.
Torrefaction of biomass is a thermochemical process to enhance its fuel characteristics such as energy density and hydrophobicity. Oil palm frond waste for the production of cellulose. The production of paper and pulp from palm waste is the best way as a result of environmental issues today. Onestep steam pyrolysis for the production of mesoporous biochar. The agricultural standards committee deems it necessary to establish the standard for good agricultural practices for oil palm to be used as guidance to oil palm growers. The malaysian palm oil industry is primarily exportoriented and in 2000, about 9,081,011 tonnes of palm oil and 520,280 of palm kernel oil were produced. Fievez rumen degradation of oil palm fronds is improved through predigestion with white rot fungi but not through supplementation with yeast or enzymes, canadian journal of animal science 921, 7987, 1 march 2012. The adsorption of glyphosate from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from palm oil fronds pfac was investigated through batch study. The effects of both initial concentration and ph of the glyphosat over the range of 25 to 250 mgl and.
Oil palm fronds opf are normally left to rot in between oil palm trees in plantation sites or as mulching component. In malaysia, the oil palm frond opf was produced 26. Palm trunks retained all frond bases in all palms harvested. In malaysia growth in oil palm plantation has resulted in corresponding increase in the generation of oil palm biomass waste which include oil palm trunk, oil palm empty fruit. The effects of different inclusion levels of oil palm fronds opf on the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi ld, biceps femoris bf and infraspinatus is muscle of goats fed for 100 days. Multistep, nonchlorinated treatment for cellulose isolation from oil palm fronds. Malaysia is the worlds second largest palm oil producer.
Renewable sugars from oil palm frond juice as an alternative novel fermentation feedstock for valueadded products. The rapid development of the palm oil industry since the 1990s, notably in southeast asia malaysia, indonesia, has caused an increasing output of fibrous wastes derived from the harvesting of oil palm fruit bunches, from both pruning management practices and replanting operations dahlan, 2000. Utilization of oil palm frond based diets for beef and dairy production in malaysia abstract oil palm fronds opf are one of the main byproducts of the oil palm industry in malaysia. Oil palm fronds were collected from local oil palm plantation in selangor area. May 30, 2012 oil palm fronds are the most abundant lignocellulosic biomass in malaysia. Samples of the processed oil palm fronds for this research purpose were kindly supplied by a local palm oil mill in perak, malaysia. The mature trees are felled at the end of its economic life 25 years. Pinnate or featherlike leaves have leaflets entirely. Solid state fermentation ssf of raw oil palm frond leaves opfl as the substrate to produce extracellular cellulases and xylanase by a novel. Utilization of oil palm frond based diets for beef and.
Disruption of oil palm trunks and fronds by microwave. Estimation of moisture content of oil palm fronds through. Properties of composite boards from oil palm frond agricultural waste were researched. This study was conducted to determine the effect of physical pretreatment and storage duration of opf petiole on sugars yield. Oil palm fronds opf and trunks contribute the highest biomass availability compared with other oil palm wastes. Muhamed sharizal sirrajudin, and mohd sukhairi mat rasat, and razak wahab, and mohd hazim mohd amini, and mazlan mohamed, and muhammad iqbal hashmi, and janshah moktar, and mohamad azhar ibrahim, 2016 enhancing the energy properties of fuel pellets from oil palm fronds of agricultural residues by mixing with glycerin.
Processing and utilization of oil palm fronds as a roughage source for ruminants whole oil palm fronds the petiole and leaflets, chopped into lengths of about 2 cm, are utilized as cattle feed either green, or conserved as silage in combination with other ingredients as total mixed rations abu hassan and ishida 1991, ishida and abu hassan 1992. The oil palm frond was characterized using different analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy sem, fourier transform infrared. Extraction and characterization of cellulose from agricultural residue oil palm fronds 1066 introduction elaeis guineensis, commonly known as oil palm, is one of the main crops in malaysia and is widely planted all over the country, especially in sabah, sarawak and johor. Recommendations on good agricultural practices for oil palm are aimed to provide growers to practice every step of production processes starting from cultivation to transportation of oil palm bunches to collection center ramp or mill and to ensure good quality and safe oil palm bunches produce suitable for production of palm oil. Properties oil palm frond and kenaf bast fiber by composite tested on different ratio abstract in this study, properties of oil palm frond and kenaf bast fiber composite tested on different ratios and different resin content of urea formaldehyde that were 10%, 12%, and 14%. Palm oil that is traditionally used as food and for manufacturing products such as soap and cosmetics is.
Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in indonesia. The compatibility of oil palm elaeis guineensis jacq fronds cement mixtures was tested in the hydration test, with the addition of magnesium chloride as an accelerator at different watercement ratios. Manufacture and properties of oil palm frond cementbonded board. It is native to west and southwest africa, occurring between angola and. The utilization of the juice from the cheapest carbon. Effect of frond pruning on the growth and yield of oil palm bibliographic information language.
Oil palm frond is the most abundant yet untapped biomass in malaysia. Conventional aerobic treatment of facultatively treated palm oil mill effluent pome. About 80% of malaysian palm oil goes into food uses. Growth and production of oil palm ghent university. Disruption of oil palm trunks and fronds by microwavealkali.
Buy products related to palm fronds and see what customers say about palm fronds on free delivery possible on eligible purchases. Pdf kinetic study on pyrolysis of oil palm frond aaron. This oil palm is considered as golden palm due to its high yielding capacity. Lowcost biochars produced from oil palm frond using nitrogen or steam. Indonesia is the second largest world producer of palm oil producing approximately 36% of world palm oil volume. Optimized conditions for the pretreatment were a 0. The oil palm fronds were obtained from 20 yearold trees in an oil palm plantation in kota belud, sabah. The african oil palm elaeis guineensis the species name guineensis referring to its country of origin is the principal source of palm oil. Rumen degradation of oil palm fronds is improved through pre. Elaeis from greek, meaning oil is a genus of palms containing two species, called oil palms. Pdf decomposition of oil palm frond and leaflet residues. Subsequently, the chopped chips were washed and air dried to an. Preparation and fundamental characterization of cellulose. Pdf oil palm fronds opf is the largest biomass which makes up to 70% of the total residues generated from palm.
Modification of oil palm fronds lignin by incorporation of mcresol for improving structural and antioxidant properties. In the last 50 years or so, there has been a phenomenal expansion in its cultivation throughout the tropics, such that palm oil is now a major commodity of world trade and the oil palm is a leading source of vegetable oil. Hydrothermal liquefaction technology carried out on local malaysian oil palm fronds opf in a batch autoclave reactor to produce solid biochar as well as liquid bio. International journal of biological macromolecules. Oil palm may also be referred to as african oil palm and originated from west africa. Pdf multistep, nonchlorinated treatment for cellulose.
The palm fronds were chopped by means of a cleaver into small sizes of about 4 cm length x 2 cm width with variable thickness, 5 to 10 mm. Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in. However, maximum sugars yield and storage stability of the opf juice are yet to be determined. In the oil palm, b is considered to be phloem immobile based on the work of rajaratnam 1972. Freezedrying of oil palm elaeis guineensis leaf and.
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